If you're riding down Country Club or Reynolda roads, and you are suddenly taken with the urge to kiss your driver, blame it on the mistletoe overhead. The celebrated, pucker-inspiring holiday plant is thriving in the canopy overhanging these roads.
Mistletoe is a weird little plant that has inspired mythology for centuries.
In Norse mythology, Frigg, the goddess of love and beauty, was the mother of the god Balder. Frigg asked all living creatures to swear an oath never to harm Balder after he had a series of visionary dreams. Balder was protected from all harm, rendered invincible except for one plant: mistletoe. Frigg thought it was too small and innocent to do him any harm. Loki, the trickster god, fashioned a spear of mistletoe that proved to be Balder's demise.
The golden bough from Virgil's "Aeneid" is believed to be mistletoe. The golden bough accompanied and protected Aeneas, the hero of the Trojan War, on his journey into Hades to seek counsel with his dead father, Anchises.
The Druids also placed mistletoe among their sacred plants. Legend has it that the Druids cut mistletoe with a golden sickle on the ninth day of moon. They considered an oak tree with mistletoe growing in it as designated by the gods. The plant was caught in a white cloth before touching the ground and a great feast then ensued.
Mistletoe does not touch the ground during its life span. It is a hemi-parasite — a plant that conducts some of its own energy through photosynthesis but also preys on a host plant. Mistletoe generally causes little harm to the entire tree, though the branch it attaches too can be harmed. In some cases, where a tree is unhealthy, mistletoe can kill it.
Mistletoe's life in the canopy begins when a bird drops the sticky seed through its waste onto a branch or twig. The etymology of mistletoe derives from "mist," meaning dung, and "tan," meaning twig.
Upon germinating, the seed sends forth a rootlike structure called a haustorium, which burrows its way into a bud on a twig.
This structure sucks sap out of the tree. The tree typically develops a swollen area where the intrusion has been made.
Mistletoe might go unnoticed during the growing season when its preferred host, deciduous trees, are covered with leaves. In the fall, yellow-green masses are visible high in the canopy. Mistletoe resembles an evergreen shrub growing up in the tree branches.
The mistletoe of Dickens and Christmases past is the species Viscum album. Our Eastern mistletoe is a Phoradendron species and is found from New Jersey down to Florida and Texas. The name describes the plants' habits quite well: Phora, meaning thief, and Dendron, tree. There are 1,400 species of mistletoe in the world. In the West, species live specifically on conifers, and one uses cactus as its host.
In Australia, mistletoe's evolution seems to have reached its zenith. Among the numerous species are mistletoes that mimic their hosts so completely in appearance that they become almost invisible in the canopy.
It is thought that this might reduce predation by animals, particularly possums. It also might be an evolutionary response to birds, which distribute the seeds. Because certain species of mistletoe must have certain species of trees to serve as the host plant, the bird would be more likely to spread seed to the appropriate host if the plant imitated its appearance.
Mistletoe evolution in Australia also has developed to the point of epiparasitism, in which one species of mistletoe is parasitizing another species of mistletoe, which is in turn parasitizing a tree.
All this might be a bit complicated for those of you just wishing to steal a holiday smooch. Proper protocol for puckering under the mistletoe says that one must remove a berry for each kiss under the bough. When all the berries are gone, the kissing must cease.
Email
Facebook
Google
Twitter
Favorites
More
Advertisement