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An Urban Legend: In a Baltimore tradition, window screens are adorned with paintings of a bucolic scene
Washington Post Photo
Betty Piskor did the screen painting on her rowhouse in the Canton neighborhood of Baltimore. Painted screens, done for privacy, are specific to the city.
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Published: May 14, 2008
BALTIMORE -- Screen painting in East Baltimore won't die, not on Elaine Eff's watch. Eff, a folklorist, has been on a crusade for 30 years to preserve the kitschy art -- landscapes painted on rowhouse window screens. The screens are for decoration, and privacy, too. The paintings allow residents to see out and prevent passersby from seeing in.
"It was a way of saying, ‘Come a little closer,'" Eff said. ‘Not too close.'"
Painted screens are native to Baltimore and exist in the same family of city-specific quirks as the word "hon" and John Waters. The screens used to adorn nearly every rowhouse in East Baltimore, said Eff, the president of the Painted Screen Society of Baltimore. Today, roughly one out of every 30 homes in the Canton neighborhood carries on the tradition.
Eff started knocking on doors and asking about painted screens in the mid-1970s as a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Pennsylvania. She wrote a 412-page dissertation in folklore studies on screen painting and did a 1988 documentary, The Screen Painters. She is still the tradition's cheerleader, keeping tabs on surviving screen painters and helping inspire a new generation with such events as "Rowhouse Rembrandts," a May celebration of the art with workshops, demonstrations and a party for the old masters at the American Visionary Art Museum.
Baltimore screen painting got its start in 1913 when a Czech immigrant and grocer, William Oktavec, decorated his screen door with an image of the produce and meats sold inside his store. A neighbor asked Oktavec to create one for her home (to deter peeping Toms), and the art spread by word of mouth. The heyday of screens was in the 1920s and '30s, when every neighborhood had its own screen painter, Eff said. Oktavec died in 1956; his grandson John carries on the family trade.
Betty Piskor, 80, owns an original Oktavec. One recent morning, Piskor lugged her painted screens from the basement of the Canton rowhouse, where she has lived for 50 years, to her backyard for their annual cleaning (a shot of water from the garden hose). They were a seasonal art -- people used to display them only in spring and summer, when they would have their doors and windows flung open.
Almost all of the screens in Piskor's collection, like the majority in Baltimore, depict the same quaint country scene of a bungalow, trees, mountains and swans. Artists differentiate their work by varying the shapes of the trees or the color of the cottage. As one 72-year-old screen painter, Tom Lipka, puts it, "I don't deviate too doggone much."
Piskor remembers a young Lipka coming around the neighborhood with a case of paints, asking people if he could work for them. Lipka started painting screens in 1946 at age 10. He learned the art by watching someone paint a screen on the sidewalk. His mother was his first paying customer.
"I could draw a little bit so she thought, eh, might be a good idea to keep him out of trouble," he said.
Business boomed every summer until he went into the Air Force in 1953. When he returned in 1958, people had window air-conditioning units and didn't need painted screens anymore, he said. Lipka teaches classes on screen painting at the Community College of Baltimore County. He sells instruction manuals for $20 -- a big change from the old days, when the techniques were kept secret. Some of the painters never even let their proteges watch them paint screens. Others lied about their materials.
Lipka's manual stresses the need to keep the holes clear. (Clogged holes look like dead flies from the inside.) He teaches new artists how to keep their paint thin: blow on any globs or -- as a last-ditch effort -- poke a toothpick, needle or nail through.
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